ABSTRACT/RÉSUMÉ
This paper analyses Sweden’s policies for addressing a range of key environmental challenges. Although
Sweden has a deliberately comprehensive approach to establishing its environmental objectives and
policies, some issues have received particular attention. These include acidification and climate change
arising from harmful cross-border and global air emissions, damage to waterways stemming from nutrient
run-off from farming, and solid waste management. This review concentrates on the scope for Sweden to
refine and extend the use of economic instruments to achieve better environmental outcomes in each of
these areas. At the same time, more systematic and rigorous use of cost-benefit analysis in designing
policies and in evaluating measures that have been put in place, would help Sweden to achieve its desired
environmental objectives in the least costly way, or alternatively, to achieve the best environmental results
for a given economic sacrifice.
JEL classification: H23, Q00, Q20, Q28, Q40, Q48
Keywords: Sweden, sustainable development, environmental policy
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